Inspection, Corrosion & RBI

Corrosive liquid or wet-gas exposure distributed over a broad area.

Water ingress beneath insulation, cycling temperature and contaminants.

High velocity, turbulence, entrained solids/droplets or flashing service.

Chlorides, tensile stress and susceptible metal temperature/condition.

Stagnant or low-flow water with biofilm and nutrients.

Sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams at elevated metal temperature.

Hydrogen partial pressure and metal temperature in a susceptible regime.

Conductive electrolyte bridging metals with different corrosion potentials.

Concentrated caustic plus tensile stress at susceptible temperature.

Aqueous amine service combined with tensile or weld residual stress.

Alkaline carbonate/bicarbonate environment with tensile stress.

Sulfur scale, moisture and oxygen during shutdown or exposure.

Ammonia-containing environment with tensile stress and susceptible metallurgy.

Aqueous hydrogen-sulfide service capable of hydrogen charging.

Moisture, salts, industrial pollutants and coating breakdown on uninsulated surfaces.

Contact with conductive soil, groundwater or failed coating with inadequate cathodic protection.

Aqueous hydrochloric acid or chloride salt hydrolysis, often near dew points.

Water containing H₂S, ammonia, cyanides or other refinery contaminants.

Cyclic mechanical stress from vibration, pressure pulsation or repeated displacement.

Repeated temperature gradients, mixing or cycling that generate cyclic thermal stress.

Long-term operation in a material-dependent elevated-temperature creep regime.

Low metal temperature, high stress and insufficient material toughness or crack-like flaws.