Pipe
Pipe dimension and material standards — carbon, alloy, stainless, and line pipe.
ASME B36.10M
ASMEWelded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
ASME B36.10M is the foundational global dimensional standard for welded and seamless wrought steel pipe. It establishes standardized Outside Diameters (OD), nominal wall thicknesses (Schedules), and calculated linear weights across the piping industry. Originally derived from Iron Pipe Standard (IPS) dimensions, B36.10M standardizes pipe geometry from **NPS 1/8 (DN 6)** up to **NPS 80 (DN 2000)**. It decouples pipe outer geometry from internal fluid flow requirements, ensuring absolute dimensional consistency and interchangeability among pipes, flanges, valves, and fittings across oil refineries, chemical plants, power stations, and pipeline networks worldwide.
ASME B36.19M
ASMEStainless Steel Pipe Dimensions
ASME B36.19M is the premier global dimensional standard for stainless steel and corrosion-resistant alloy wrought pipe. It supplements ASME B36.10M by standardizing nominal wall thicknesses specifically designated with the "S" suffix (Sch 5S, 10S, 40S, and 80S). Because stainless steels (such as 304/304L, 316/316L, and Duplex 2205) offer high intrinsic corrosion resistance, they eliminate the need for heavy corrosion allowances typical of carbon steel. B36.19M establishes lighter wall schedules that significantly minimize material weight and reduce raw material costs for expensive alloy systems while maintaining exact Outside Diameter (OD) parity with B36.10M to ensure complete fitting, valve, and flange interchangeability.
ASTM A106
ASTMSeamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A106 is the premier material specification for seamless carbon steel nominal wall pipe intended for high-temperature and high-pressure service. It is the primary workhorse material across petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, power generation plants, and industrial steam systems. Engineered for continuous operation under severe elevated thermal and pressure conditions, its dimensional geometry is governed by **ASME B36.10M**, covering nominal pipe sizes from **NPS 1/8 (DN 6)** through **NPS 48 (DN 1200)**. The standard specifies three strength grades—**Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C**. Grade B serves as the global industry standard (accounting for over 90% of process piping installations) due to its optimal balance of mechanical tensile strength and field weldability. Crucially, ASTM A106 mandates deoxidized **killed steel** (minimum Silicon content of Si ≥ 0.10%) and 100% seamless hot-finished or cold-drawn manufacturing to eliminate longitudinal weld seam defects and ensure long-term microstructural stability.
ASTM A53
ASTMBlack and Hot-Dipped Galvanized Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe
ASTM A53 is the standard specification for carbon steel pipe intended for mechanical and low-pressure pressure applications, as well as ordinary uses like steam, water, gas, and air lines. It is widely used in commercial and light industrial building services.
ASTM A312
ASTMSeamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
ASTM A312 is the principal material specification for austenitic stainless steel pipe. It covers seamless, straight-seam welded, and heavily cold worked welded pipes intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service.
ASTM A333
ASTMSeamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
ASTM A333 is the standard specification for seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures. It mandates impact toughness testing to ensure the material resists brittle fracture in cold environments.
ASTM A335
ASTMSeamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A335 is the definitive material specification for seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe. Commonly known as "chrome-moly" pipe, it is engineered for high-temperature and high-pressure service where creep resistance is mandatory, such as power plant boilers and refinery fired heaters.
API 5L
APILine Pipe
API Specification 5L — Line Pipe is the American Petroleum Institute product specification for seamless and welded steel pipe used in pipeline transportation systems for petroleum, natural gas, carbon dioxide, and other energy products. It establishes a common manufacturing and acceptance basis for purchasers, mills, contractors, and pipeline operators. The specification addresses steelmaking and pipe-making routes, chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions and tolerances, inspection, testing, marking, and traceability. It provides two Product Specification Levels—PSL 1 and the more tightly controlled PSL 2—and covers Grade A, Grade B, and X-grades whose availability depends on PSL, manufacturing route, delivery condition, dimensions, and service requirements. API 5L is a pipe product specification, not a pipeline system design code. It does not calculate wall thickness, maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP), design pressure, flexibility, or integrity-management intervals. Those decisions require the applicable pipeline code, such as ASME B31.4 for liquid pipelines, ASME B31.8 for gas pipelines, or ASME B31.12 for hydrogen service.
ISO 3183
ISOSteel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems
ISO 3183 is the international standard specifying requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2) of seamless and welded steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
JIS G3452
JISCarbon Steel Pipes for Ordinary Piping (SGP)
JIS G3452 specifies carbon steel pipes, commonly referred to as SGP, used for the piping of steam, water, oil, gas, and air at relatively low pressures. It is the Japanese equivalent to ASTM A53 for ordinary building and utility services.
JIS G3454
JISCarbon Steel Pipes for Pressure Service (STPG)
JIS G3454 specifies carbon steel pipes, known as STPG, used for pressure service at an approximate maximum temperature of 350°C. It serves a similar role in Japanese engineering as ASTM A106 does globally.
JIS G3458
JISAlloy Steel Pipes (STPA)
JIS G3458 specifies seamless alloy steel pipes, known as STPA, used primarily for piping at high temperatures. It is the Japanese equivalent of ASTM A335.
JIS G3459
JISStainless Steel Pipes (SUS-TP)
JIS G3459 specifies stainless steel pipes, known as SUS-TP, used for corrosion resistance, low temperature, and high-temperature service. It is the Japanese counterpart to ASTM A312.
ASTM A240
ASTMStainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and general applications; the base material for welded pipe and fabricated components.
ASTM B466
ASTMCopper-Nickel Pipe and Tube
Seamless copper-nickel (90/10 = C70600, 70/30 = C71500) pipe and tube for seawater and marine service.
ISO 12944
ISOCorrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems
A multi-part standard covering corrosivity categories, surface preparation, design, paint-system selection, and durability for the protection of steel by protective paint systems.
ASTM A123
ASTMZinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
Requirements for hot-dip galvanized zinc coatings applied to fabricated iron and steel products (structural shapes, plates, pipe supports).
ASTM A153
ASTMZinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
Hot-dip galvanized zinc coatings on small iron and steel hardware — bolts, nuts, washers, and centrifuged/spun small parts.
ASTM D3359
ASTMMeasuring Adhesion by Tape Test
Cross-cut and X-cut tape test methods for a quick pass/fail assessment of coating adhesion to a substrate.
ASTM D4541
ASTMPull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
Quantitative measurement of coating pull-off adhesion strength using portable adhesion testers (dollies bonded to the coating and pulled to failure).
ASTM C547
ASTMMineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
Preformed mineral fiber (mineral wool / glass fiber) pipe insulation for hot piping service, formed into hollow cylinders for standard pipe sizes.
ASTM C552
ASTMCellular Glass Thermal Insulation
Cellular glass thermal insulation for hot, cold, and cryogenic service (approximately −450 to 800 °F), valued for its closed-cell, non-absorbent, non-combustible structure.
ASTM C591
ASTMRigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation (PIR)
Unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam insulation for cold and cryogenic piping, by compressive-strength type and service-temperature grade.
ASTM C795
ASTMThermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
Chemical requirements — chiefly limiting leachable chlorides and requiring inhibiting sodium/silicate — so insulation is safe against external chloride stress-corrosion cracking (ESCC) of austenitic stainless.
ISO 12241
ISOThermal Insulation for Building Equipment and Industrial Installations — Calculation Rules
Calculation rules for heat loss/gain, surface temperature, condensation avoidance, and cool-down/freeze times of insulated piping and equipment.
AWWA C151
AWWADuctile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast
Centrifugally cast ductile-iron pipe, 3 in. through 64 in., for potable water, raw water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems.
AWWA C200
AWWASteel Water Pipe, 6 in. and Larger
Fabricated (welded straight-seam or spiral-seam) and seamless steel water pipe, 6 in. and larger, for transmission and distribution of water and wastewater.
ASTM A269
ASTMSeamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
Specifies requirements for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general corrosion-resisting and low- or high-temperature service. Tubing is dimensioned by actual outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness — not by nominal pipe size (NPS) — making it compatible with compression (twin-ferrule) tube fittings. Grades covered include TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP317, TP321, and TP347 among others. This is the dominant instrument and small-bore tubing specification for process plants, refineries, and chemical facilities worldwide.
ASTM A213
ASTMSeamless Ferritic/Austenitic Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
Specifies seamless ferritic (chrome-moly alloy) and austenitic stainless steel tubes for boilers, superheaters, and heat exchangers operating at elevated temperature under pressure. Ferritic grades range from simple 0.5Mo (T1) through 1.25Cr-0.5Mo (T11), 2.25Cr-1Mo (T22), up to the advanced 9Cr-1Mo-V (T91) and 9Cr-0.5Mo-1.8W-V-Nb (T92). Austenitic grades include TP304H, TP316H, TP321H, and TP347H. All tubes are seamless; welded austenitic boiler tube falls under ASTM A249. Dimensional sizing follows OD and wall thickness (not NPS/schedule).
ASTM B75
ASTMSeamless Copper Tube
Specifies seamless copper tube for general engineering, heat transfer, and light-industrial applications where dimensional accuracy and material integrity are required. Covers copper alloys including C10200 (oxygen-free copper) and C12200 (phosphorus-deoxidised copper, the most common grade), supplied in annealed (soft) or hard-drawn temper. Tube is sized by outside diameter and wall thickness. B75 is the foundational seamless copper tube standard; plumbing (B88), refrigeration/ACR (B280), and condenser/heat-exchanger tube (B111) each have their own dedicated specifications built on similar principles.
ASTM A790
ASTMSeamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
Material specification for seamless and welded duplex stainless steel pipe.
ASTM C692
ASTMEvaluating Thermal Insulations for External Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Evaluation of insulation materials for their influence on external stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
ASTM C1617
ASTMQuantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
Accelerated laboratory evaluation of how insulation extraction solutions influence aqueous corrosion of metals.
AWWA C150
AWWAThickness Design of Ductile-Iron Pipe
Structural thickness-design procedures for ductile-iron pressure pipe.